The Design Probes Electronic Tattoo Project of Philips Explained

How would you like to wear something on or over your body - more specifically, your skin - that is interactive? You may imagine some form of gadget like a radio frequency ID, but what's being talked about here are more closely attached to you, like tattoos. Can you imagine a tattoo that can change shape if you touch it? This is just one of the ideas put forward by the Design Probes Project of Philips.

The new skin-adornment technology is part of the Probe Project's emphasis for this year called SKIN which uses emotionally-sensitive materials that come in contact with human skin. One product is called the electronic tattoo, and it can supposedly change shape depending on a person's emotional state. It comes in the form of a film that is laid over the skin as a kind of "second skin." It's practically invisible and if you have seen how liquid crystal images behave, then you have an idea of what it can do to turn your body into a dynamic art form.

The Design Probes Project goes beyond tattoos, though, and it's also envisioned clothes that change color (left; girl pretending to be a lamp). What follows is a video where you can gain insights into these new technologies that will revolutionize the way people adorn themselves. It's Philip's vision of the future in the next fifteen years, converting ordinary things into people-sensitive devices. It's called Soft Technology and it will soon be commonplace.



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Internet Fax - How Does it Work?

by Titus Hoskins

As a society we are always seen to be embracing new technology. One of the main places that this is seen is within an office environment, where we have already started and pretty much accomplished replacing paper documents with digital ones. Well now there is another technological force heading to an office near you in the form of Internet faxing.

Internet faxing, or online faxing as it is also known, refers to the process of sending a fax via an email account. When you are faxed in this manner the fax is converted to a file and emailed to you as an attachment. You can then open this fax as many times as you need and the fax will be saved to your computer for any future reference.

Faxing is still essential to everyday business practices, especially when it comes to important documents such as legal documents and contracts. This can however become a hassle as fax machines are costly to run and prone to paper jams as well as other technical faults. With Internet faxing however all of these problems simply disappear!

All you need for Internet faxing is an Internet connection, an email account and a subscription to an Internet faxing service. This immediately cuts your business costs as you don't have to fork out for the actual fax machine or the paper and print cartridges that it takes. Big Plus, there is no need for an extra fax phone line.

A standard fax machine that is connected to a conventional phone line charges you the same amount it costs for a phone call with every fax that you send. Think about the amount of faxes that you send in a week and this cost soon adds up! With Internet faxing however, you pay a start up fee and then a set monthly rate that is calculated on the maximum number of faxes you plan to send. As it is a hosted service it also means that you don't need to buy or install fax servers, modems or any special software. You simply sign up to your service provider and you are given a Local or Toll-Free telephone number that allows you to send and receive faxes.

With Internet faxing you get a wide range of features that you wouldn't get with your average fax machine. You get to track and a report of all your faxes, whether you have sent or received the fax. This stops the problem that is common with a fax machine, that problem is lost faxes. No longer will you have to worry about this as you will have a clear record of everyone you have faxed and everyone who has faxed you. Most of your faxes can be stored online for around 30 days for most online fax services, some have longer periods. Remember, you can also store and save all your faxes to your email system or computer.

The security that comes with Internet faxing is also a lot higher. You can have encrypted faxes which are very secure. Let's face it with a fax machine, anyone who is in your office can pick up that fax and read it or fax someone from your machine but not with Internet faxing! Your Internet fax service is, just like your email account, password protected. This gives you; or your business sole access to your fax service and as your fax service is online you can gain access to send or receive a fax anywhere that you have access to the Internet. This means Internet faxing is perfect for mobile professionals, business travelers and anyone who is putting in that extra bit of overtime.

Internet faxing allows your business to reach new levels as the world becomes more and more mobile. Does your company have it?

About the Author

... For more information on Internet Fax Services use this handy online Comparison Guide to get your own: Online Fax Service Or if you want more detailed information on Internet Faxing try here: Internet Fax Services. Titus Hoskins Copyright © 2008. This article may be freely distributed if this resource box stays attached.

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Now Shopbots are Taking Care of Your Cost

by Judith Peterson

The trend of online shopping is on its great pace. You too may be an obsessed online buyer but still you might have loosing some better chance there. None of you would like to pay more and especially when you have cheaper options. The online market is flooded with online shops and you will be amazed with the fact that still some of them are really available with much lower prices for the same product what you normally pay higher at other places. People are usually habituated to go for only some renowned name like eBay, Amazon etc but here shopbots reduce all such hassles and help you know the cheaper options for the same product taking negligible time.

Shopbots are normally a platform that helps you crawl for the cheaper online retailers. A shopbot usually keeps a list of much cheaper retailers with facility of viewing their products and make an order for the products without switching to those concerned sites. If you wish to compare the price of any product with other, you can select the item and just click on the compare price tab.

Your buying list may include anything like electronic gadgets, gift items, books, CDs, Poker chips and a lot more.

You may now put a question as what the interest these shopbots have in making your deal better. Or do they work on charging some fees for that? No you never have to pay these shopbots but the only way of their income is revenue earned through pay per click or a small percentage of deal given by the online retailers.

You can find a number of such shopbots but normally there are there major and reliable player where your shopping can be safe and secured. You can search for Kelkoo, Pricerunner, and shopping.com to get an entrusted deal and even for the quality products.

The idea to choose shopbots for your easier search can be a better options, as normally it is tough to scan every one's prices individually form among the available hundreds of sites on the net. Further, as these services are free of any charge, it no use sticking to only some well know names rather to save good buck on your online shopping.

About the Author

Judith Peterson is an expert web writer and has niche in online shopping tips and buying products online. Currently he is associated with Twift.com which is an online shopping venture and has amazing product range on best rates. To view quality products in a wide range, you can feel free any time to click on http://twift.com

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Solar Ink for Renewable Energy

by Anna Williams

Have you ever heard of solar ink? Well, there are some really smart people out there, creating some really smart inventions, and this is one of them.

- There is No Energy Shortage on Earth

There is no energy shortage on earth, there is a shortage in technology to harvest the energy available on earth.

To put things in perspective - the sun delivers more energy to earth in a single day, than the combined population of earth (including the industries) are capable of using in a year.

So why the energy "shortage?"

Well bluntly, the problem has been in the costs of collecting or harvesting the energy provided "freely" by the sun.

Are there solutions on the horizon? Fortunately there are. Alternative energies are being developed and investigated at an increasingly rapid pace.

In fact, the development of solar energy technology is no longer in the phase of "is it feasible?" Its simply a matter of getting it pushed through and implemented. Current research has the primary aim of increasing the effectiveness of solar energy, and reducing the manufacturing cost of solar energy devices.

We have already seen a considerable drop in the prices of PV modules/solar panels. They are no longer used only on space satellites. They are now installed in everyday devices, and have come into common use.

And now, a new solar energy technology is on the verge of a breakthrough. This new alternative energy technology will boost solar power into the mainstream consumer market and it will make it cheaply available for anyone.

Its called "solar ink."

- What is Solar Ink?

Good question. Do you write with it?

No - but you probably could if you wanted to. The breakthrough is that it is actually printable.

Okay, not to confuse you any further. Solar Ink is a new method of dissolving tiny particles of silicon (nano particles, which are only a few atoms thick), into a solution which allows one to "print" solar panels (in extremely thin layers), onto all sorts of materials. It can be printed out by the acre, and is a fast process. This process would allow a vast quantity of solar paneling to be produced, at only a fraction of the current cost.

A solution such as the one above is exactly what we need in order to rapidly and inexpensively mass-produce solar panels.

The future for solar energy can be very bright - it's just a matter of what we do with it.

About the Author

Learn more information about how you can use solar power and alternative energy, by visiting http://www.findportablesolarpower.com and http://findportablesolarpower.com/savemoney

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History of Cars

by Richard Crittendon

The invention of wheel has brought about epochal changes in way human civilization has evolved. From bullock carts to modern vehicles, we have seen a paradigm shift in transportation modules and cars are unarguably the most evolved form of these. When you need to rock the road, you just turn on the keys of your machine.

But have you ever tried to sneak a peak into the history of your car? Or, for example, at what stages it has actually gone through to attain the current form? Or, have you checked to see what is the actual development story of your car?

Well, just give a bit of rest to your staggering neurons, as herein you'll find a brief account of the history of cars.

The First Car!

Many scholars have discrete opinions about the first ever automobile that appeared in the history and hence no exact inventor of the machine can be convincingly pointed out. Various automobile engineers from Nicolas Cugnet and Richard Trevithik to Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach, have been credited with the invention of the car. But, the invention of modern cars is originally accredited to Karl Benz. This legendary inventor built the first ever four-stroke gasoline based automobile, "Motorwagon", in Manheim in 1885 and achieved patent over the technology under his company, Benz and Cie. The commercial production of the vehicle was started in 1888. Moving further with the advancement in vehicle technology, Benz designed the first internal combustion engine, named 'boxermotor' in Germany.

Several other entrepreneurs have hopped into the industry to make most out of the newly appeared automotive segment. Daimler and Maybach together founded the brand 'Daimler' in 1890. The most notable change in the car segment was marked in the year 1926, when 'Benz and Cie' and DMG merged to form Daimler-Benz company with Mercedes Benz as its most prominent brand. Meanwhile, a number of other brands were also emerging across the major parts of the world, especially Western Europe, Peugeot in France and DMC in Britain were among the few notable ones.

Improvements in Automobile Designs

The first automobiles consisted of the body of the horse-drawn vehicle with four rubber tires fitted beneath it. That apart it also lacked nearly any safety gears that are routinely available in modern vehicles. With the advent of new materials and technology, the automobile body underwent significant modifications in its structure and performance. The wooden exterior of the automobile was replaced with the metallic body and the interiors got more and more luxurious with the passage of time. Similarly significant changes were seen in engine design, architecture and technology. However the basic usage of an internal combustion remains prevalent in most cars even after the passage of a century. Modern cars have achieved high levels of perfection in performance as well as fuel efficiency. Along with high speeds and striking designs, automobiles today can also boast of effective safety measures. Last but not the least one must note that a lot of the development that we find in cars today are a result of incremental developments that took place during the long and illustrious history of cars.

About the Author

Article written by Richard Crittendon of Automobile.com. For related information, see the recent article on the 2008 Jeep Patriot review.

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Who Invented The First Inkjet Printer? The History Of Inkjet Printers

by John C. Arkin

No single person can be credited with the invention of the first inkjet printer. However, we can safely say that it was invented in 1976 but did not enter the popular consciousness until 1988 when Hewlett Packard released the DeskJet Printer and marketed it like a home consumer item. It must be said, however, that buying this printer and the printer cartridges was not everybody's cup of tea as it was priced at around $1000. A steep price indeed!

The Inkjet Revolution

If you compare the inkjet printer in use today to those that were launched some twenty years ago, you will find that they have indeed come a long way since then. Though they arrived in the stores in the 1980s; it was way back in the 1970s, that printer companies recognized the fact that the ink based printers were the way forward and this technology would be revolutionary in nature. They began the process of developing printers and printer cartridges. The initial challenge for the company was not only to concentrate on quality but also on affordability. Siemens invented a popular inkjet printer model in 1977 and it became quite popular amongst businesses and organizations. The biggest benefits of this printer were that it sprayed ink only when necessary and were not very expensive.

A Few Challenges

A major challenge faced by printer developers with regards to this type of printers was the fact that the flow of ink from the print head to the page needed to be controlled. This required cutting edge technological research not only in terms of the printers but also the printer cartridges. Initially the dried ink, clogged the printer head, and even the IBM strategy to use electrically charged droplets for coating the pages with ink was not successful and lacked consumer appeal. This challenge was tackled by two companies namely Hewlett-Packard and Canon. They introduced the inkjet printer in the market that used liquid ink, held in cartridges. These became vastly popular and this technology is still in use today.

The Inkjet Cartridges

An article on these printers won't be complete without mentioning the role of printer ink cartridges in the scheme of things. It is the ink cartridges that played a stellar role in the increasing popularity of these printers. Printer cartridges are the core element of each and very printer and they have also gone through a long and evolved process of development, side by side with the printers. Without the development of printer ink cartridges there would be no inkjet printers. It's as simple as that.

As can be seen, the whole process of developing a printer is long and goes through a long period of trial and error. This is one of prime reasons why so many companies have contributed to the development of printing technology.

About the Author

This Article is written by John C. Arkin from PrintCountry, the contributor of Printer Ink Cartridges Articles. More information on the subject is at Who invented the first Inkjet Printer? The History of Inkjet printers, and related resources can be found at Lexmark Ink Cartridges.

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Basics Of How Metal Detectors Work

by John Tasher

Since 1931, when the first portable metal detector was patented, the growth in the use of metal detectors has steadily increased. Metal detectors are every where. There are both industrial, commercial and personal use of metal detectors. When most people think of metal detectors they think of the guy on the beach with a set of head phones swinging back and forth a funny looking stick. People that use metal detectors to look for lost relics or treasure are known as treasure hunters, or relic hunters.

How do metal detectors work? What wondrous magic do they use to see through the ground and point us to what we are looking for. The principles behind metal detectors are fairly simple. The first metal detector was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1881. Although the principles a simple their use in the invention were ingenious especially for the time.

Metal detectors can be used to find all sorts of metal in anything but other metal. There are metal detectors designed for specific terrain; for instance under water. The reason for this will become apparent when we talk about how they actually work. Metal detectors are designed to detect shifts in electromagnetism in metal. This is accomplished by transmitting a magnetic field through the target surface. As the magnetic field passes over an area metal objects in the area will become magnetically charged. These changes in electromagnetism are detected in by a receiver attached to the metal detector in very much the same way radar detects aircraft in the sky. Once a shift in the magnetic field is detected then a signal is sent to a speaker to notify the operator that a piece of metal has been detected. With older metal detectors different types of metal could not be differentiated between. But, today's metal detectors can determine the difference between different types of metal and signal to the operator which type it is. Higher metal detectors can actual be programmed to only search for a specific type of metal.

The magnetic field of a metal detector can be generated in many different ways. But, there are three specific ways that modern metal detectors generate this field. First would be via a pulse and if there is an echo of the pulse detected then you have found some treasure. The second way is through what is known as beat frequency. With beat frequency two oscillators are used to create different but close frequencies. When an audible beat is detected between them then metal has been found.

The third and final detective device uses measuring sine waves. When there is no metal in the area the sine waves are flat like a lake on a windless day. When there is a shift in the magnetic field indicating a change in magnetism the sine waves bounce to indicate that metal has been found.

Although some of this really sounds very scientific, it really is not very difficult to understand. The basic mechanics behind a metal detector is that it plays on metals ability to become magnetized and then measures those changes to determine where the metal is and what type of metal it is.

About the Author

John Tasher writes on a wide variety of subjects. If you are looking for Metal Detectors For Sale, or Cheap Metal Detectors or Discount Metal Detectors, then visit his site GPSMike.com

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How to Watch TV on Internet?

by Ronald Gilbert

Do you know that it is now possible to watch TV on the internet without having to deal with complicated hardware setup? In this article, I will be highlighting some ways that TV addicts have used to stream live internet TV channels onto their computers for no subscription fees. With so much information on the web about internet TV, it can get very confusing for people who need to watch television online.

1. Satellite TV on PC Software

This is the current method that I use as I feel that it is the most affordable, easy to install and works the best. It can stream many different types of channels like music videos, TV shows, movies, live sports games, educational, adult, weather, shopping, news and many other channels. In total, the software version that I use streams over 3,000 different channels.

2. What Do You Need to Use Satellite TV on PC?

The requirements of this software are very minimal. All that is required are your PC or laptop and a stable internet connection, preferably one that is broadband.

3. PC / Computer TV Cards

This is another method that is more expensive, but works well to play TV channels on a computer too. It brings Free to Air Television channels into the PC through communication satellites and then decoded for display on your monitor screen. The card itself needs to be wired into the computer motherboard, and can be quite risky if done incorrectly.

You will also need to choose between internal or external card. The external card is easier to connect to your PC through USB port but takes up more space, so it is up to you to decide which the better option is.

About the Author

The author is currently using a Satellite TV for PC software to watch over 3,000 channels on his computer for free. CLICK HERE to learn more about it!

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Binaural Beats And Brain Entrainment

by Michael McGrath

Changing your brain with just your pair of earphones!

Binaural beats are separate sounds recorded in such a way that they change the the frequencies asociated with the brainwaves of the listener automatically. Through a method that has been named brain entrainment, binaural beats can change the not only the mental but also the physical state of the person listening.

Studies proven that some brainwave states, which can be easily induced with binaural beats, which cause intensive relaxed states. These relaxed states have been shown to be ideal for learning and retaining new information, inducing relaxed deep sleep and heightened creative ideas - to name only a few.

Before the creation of binaural beats recordings, the only means to induce specific changes in your brainwave states was by learning deep meditation. For thousands of years this type of art form has only been possible for practitioners of meditation with over twenty years of practise - such as Zen Buddhist Monks. Although it is easily done now with binaural beats.

By listening to binaural beats it is possible for all of us to enter all kinds of meditative states after minutes merely by using good headphones and a carefully chosen pre-made binuaral beats recording.

Even though the science that goes into brain entrainment through binaural beats is much too complex to explore the innate hypothesis is easy to comprehend.

The concept of binauarl beats was discovered by an Assosiate Professor at the University of Berlin in 1839 called Heinrich Wilhelm Dove. Prof Dove discovered that when 2 similar sounds, but are different slighly in frequency, are offered separately to left and right ear (Binaural) they will create a pulse or beat type effect to be present in the brain - binaural beats.

It was in the late '70s when Scientific American published the research paper by Dr. Gerald Oster titled "Auditory Beats in the Brain" which was about binaural beats. This report outlined how Dr. Oster used Dove's discovery and through research found that by using these binaural beats he could direct the entire brainwave pattern of the listener to match the internal beat created by the binaural beats. When this occurred the brainwaves of the listener changed to resonate to the same frequency as the binaural beats. Thus Oster found that through the type of recording used in binaural beats he was able to alter the brain's frequencies of the listener and induce intentional cerebral states.

For the ordinary man or woman on the street the use of binaural beats would just be another scientific experiment which has no impact or bearing ona person's life or everyday routines if it was not for the fact that this technology can be used in a very practical way. Many times the goals you strive for are reliant on the state your brainwaves are in at that moment. Each of your activities has a dominant brainwave pattern connected with it.

When you're in a state of deep relaxation, when sleeping, your brain has a specific frequency associated with it and displays specific patterns such as Theta waves. When you become driven and energized your brain is engaged in Beta or even Gamma frequencies. These patterns are easy to induce by using binaural beats.

If you evoke a state of relaxed focus like when you're captivated by TV, visualizing or while under the influence of hypnosis, you enter the Alpha state. This is also the state that is entered into with most forms of meditation. However people who meditate for years, just like a Zen Buddhist Monk, are able to enter Theta and Delta states while being able to stay highly aware. This can also be done by using binaural beats!

Such states, which do take over 20 years to master by pratcising meditation, can be induced within minutes by using binaural beats.

So what? It's possible to induce meditative states at will using sound technology? How does this affect me and you? To be able to answer that question we must start to look at the reasons for creating a meditative state and thus binaural beats.

A few of the benefits of meditation or binaural beats include:

1. Profound relaxed states.
2. More profound more restful and energizing sleep.
3. Higher levels of creativity.
4. A slow down of the aging process.
5. Releasing of past negative emotional upsets.
6. Relief from Stress.
7. More stamina.
8. Better focus.
9. More retention of learned information.
10. Faster recovery times after surgery.

This benefits of meditation list is a small sample of the potential rewards of using meditation and binaural beats. This list is certainly not extensive.

I'm sure you will agree then that the benefits of having a recording, that can induce quick brain states that induce profound changes in body and mind, is very desirable. We are very fortunate that in our times we readily have access to various forms of this technology from Holosync and Brain Entrainment, designed for major self improvement, to individual Binaural Beats recordings created to induce deliberate states in mind and body.

The experiments into binaural beats and its ability to alter the brainwave patterns of the listener indicates that this type of brain entrainment produces results and can be utilized very successfully by any person. I have listed some other sites regarding this technology for adavanced study.

Centerpointe - free review of the Centerpointe Holosync Solution which utilizes binaural beats.

Binaural Beats - unique binaural beats titles reviewed.

Brain Entrainment & Binaural Beats 12 individual binaural beats titles to induce different states.

About the Author

Michael is a university graduate with over 23 years expereience in personal development and hypnosis.

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Bawdsey Radio Station

by Will Averill

Did you know that radar was developed and first tested in Suffolk between the two World Wars? Today you can visit the place where much of the ground breaking work in radar technology took place. RAF Bawdsey, operational in 1937, was the first of a chain of radar stations to be built around the coast of Britain. During the Battle of Britain with 2,600 Luftwaffe planes to the RAF's 640, it was the use of radar for detecting aircraft en route to the UK so they could be intercepted that saved the day.

History of Bawdsey Radar Station

Following the First World War, protecting the UK from attack was discussed at great length. But it was not until 1934, when an air-defence exercise to test defence was carried out that things really started to get going.

Although the targets and routes of the exercise were known, more than half the bombers managed to get through to their targets. This led to the Air Ministry looking at the idea of radio "death rays" which would eliminate or disable pilots and their aircraft. The Scots physicist Robert Watson-Watt, supervisor of a national radio research laboratory and descendant of James Watt, inventor of the first practical steam engine, was contacted and asked for his views.

Watson-Watt dismissed the idea of death rays but said that radio beams could be bounced off enemy aircraft to detect them. He then drew up a memo outlining his ideas and although it was met with enthusiasm, proof that the system could work was demanded.

On 26 February 1935, Watson-Watt and Arnold Wilkins successfully demonstrated their system using a BBC transmitter which managed to pick up a bomber being used as a test target.

In May 1935 Watson-Watt, Wilkins and a small team of scientists moved to Orfordness to conduct a series of historic experiments over the sea that would lead to the world's first working 'RADAR' system. It soon became apparent that Orfordness was inadequate for further research and Bawdsey Manor Estate was purchased for £24,000.

In February 1936 the research scientists occupied Bawdsey Manor House and the stables and outbuildings were converted into workshops. 240ft wooden receiver towers and 360ft steel transmitter towers were built and Bawdsey became the first Chain Home Radar Station. By the outbreak of World War 2 a chain of radar stations was in place around the coast of Britain.

These radar stations were to prove invaluable during the Second World War and particularly during the Battle of Britain. With 2,600 Luftwaffe planes to the RAF's 640, it was the use of radar for detecting aircraft en route to the UK so they could be intercepted that saved the day.

Bawdsey was used as an RAF base through the Cold War until the 1990s when the Bloodhound Missile was the last 'tenant' in this base. On 31st May 1990 the Bloodhound force ceased operations and in June all the missiles were withdrawn to RAF West Raynham. The RAF Ensign was lowered for the last time on the 25th March 1991 and the station closed on the 31st March.

Sadly, the last of the giant transmitter masts came down in 2000, but you can still see photos and exhibits from the stations working days, including -

The Magic Ear Exhibition: A Radar Exhibition on display in The Transmitter Block, Bawdsey, Suffolk - Sundays and Bank Holidays.

The exhibition tells the story of a technology and an institution which helped win a war - and shape our future. It reveals how scientists came together in total secrecy before World War 2 to prove that radio waves could locate aeroplanes, ships and other targets and how their invention dramatically affected the course of the conflict. It explains how their work laid the foundations for the age of electronics and the computer.

The exhibition was designed by David Robertson, a communications professional specialising mainly in science and technology, as a touring exhibition for the Millennium celebrations in Malvern. It has also been on display at Bletchley Park and more recently at the Fleet Air Arm Museum, Yeovilton.

Special visits can be arranged. Please phone (07821 162 879) or email info@bawdseyradargroup.co.uk for details.

The Bawdsey Radar Group is a registered charity which aims to restore the Transmitter Block at Bawdsey to create a unique exhibition, educational facility and visitor attraction. High-tech displays will explain how radar was invented, the central role that Bawdsey played in this and how both saved Britain during the Battle of Britain. The ultimate dream is to raise one of the radar transmitter towers that defended the country in the Second World War. See their website for more details of this fascinating piece of history, and read veterans stories including Hilda's, who was a Radar Operator at Bawdsey

About the Author

Will Averill is a freelance writer for Suffolk Tourist Guide. Suffolk Tourist Guide is the online guide for Suffolk Hotels, B&Bs, restaurants, pubs, Attractions, days out and things to do in Suffolk.

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The History Of Run Your Car On Water Technology!

by Andris Valodze

Brown's Gas - The History of Water as a Fuel Source

Brown's gas? HHO gas? What exactly does it all mean? You have probably heard about the water for gas solutions that are being spread like wildfire across the Internet. This recent trend has been heightened thanks to the sudden and drastic increase in the prices of gasoline in the last year.

What you may not realize is that the idea of using water as a fuel source is nothing new. In fact, the original theories about the possibilities of using water (more accurately hydrogen derived from water) for power date back hundreds of years.

In 1803, an American chemist named Robert Hare discovered that a combination of oxygen and hydrogen could be used to power a pipe that jewelry and glassmakers frequently used known as a blowpipe. An even bigger discovery occurred in 1832 when Michael Faraday discovered electrolysis - the process that allows hydrogen to be separated from water using electricity.

More than a hundred years later, in 1935, Henry Garrett was the first to successfully run a car using water when he patented his electrolytic carburetor. In 1962, American inventor William A. Rhodes became the first to patent an electrolyzer that produced what we now call HHO Gas (sometimes called Brown's Gas). The company that he formed is now named Arizona Hydrogen, and is still operational in Phoenix, Arizona.

Why Call It Brown's Gas?

The story behind water for gas does not end with William A. Rhodes discoveries. Almost ten years after Rhode's invention took shape, a new name in the search for a viable water for gas solution appeared. In the 1970's, a Bulgarian inventor named Yull Brown devoted his work to experiments with oxyhydrogen and applications for the gas, which is now commonly referred to as Brown's Gas to commemorate his efforts. His design involved mixing hydrogen and oxygen gases in a 2:1 molar ratio, the same ratio found in water.

Brown's work culminated in several patents, though the amount of credit he deserves for his work on oxyhydrogen is still debated since Brown was just one of several scientists who dedicated their efforts to this technology.

Past, Present, and Future

Although the water for gas trend has gained tremendous popularity in recent years, the idea itself can be traced well into history. In 1875, author Jules Verne wrote about the potential for water as a fuel source in his book The Mysterious Island: "Water decomposed into its primitive elements, and decomposed doubtless by electricity, which will then have become a powerful and manageable force.

Yes, my friends, I believe that water will one day be employed as a fuel". For over 130 years, the idea of utilizing water for power has been poked and prodded by scientists and inventors. There is no doubt that the search for a way to use water for fuel will continue. As technology advances, we may still see the day that Verne believed would come, when water is used as fuel. For More Information Visit www.HydroTechCar.com

About the Author

To get involved in knowing all there is to know and in learning how to POWER YOUR CAR WITH WATER, visit http://www.hydrotechcar.com



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OLED Promising New HDTV Display Technology

by Brian Bradshaw

At the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this year, the biggest hit was Sony, with an OLED (organic light emitting diode) display. The new 11" Sony TV is called the "XEL-1". It's very thin (1/10") and sells for $2500. Sony also displayed a 27" prototype OLED model, but no word on availability (or price). Other companies, Samsung, Toshiba, Matsushita (Panasonic), and others are investing hundreds of millions of dollars, trying to develop this promising technology. Toshiba plans to sell a 30" OLED display in 2009. Kodak holds a bunch of patents in OLED technology. Manufacturers will be required to pay a licensing fee to Kodak for every OLED TV sold.

There is a lot of money to be made. According to DisplaySearch, in 2007, the market for LCD TVs was estimated at $27.4 billion, while the market for plasma TVs was estimated at $7.5 billion. An OLED TV that was cost competitive would likely get a significant share of this market. According to iSuppli, the current market for OLED devices is a little more than a half-billion dollars per year. Samsung currently has a 70% market share.

OLED displays have already used for some time in digital cameras, cell phones and other devices with relatively small panels, because they are very energy efficient, which is very important in portable devices. But cost and technology problems have prevented them from being used in larger equipment such as HDTVs or computer monitors.

A significant benefit of OLED displays over traditional liquid crystal displays (LCDs) is that OLEDs do not require a backlight to function. Because of this, they draw much less power. And because there is no backlight, an OLED display is much thinner than an LCD display. In theory, OLED displays can be more efficiently manufactured than LCD or plasma displays, meaning that they should not be as expensive. Remember that the first large LCD and Plasma displays were much more expensive when they were first introduced.

One of the problems that has limited OLED use was that the blue OLED technology had a short lifetime. A new type of blue LED, the "PHOLED", has a 20,000-hour lifetime (20-25 years of normal TV use).

OLED Display Traits:

Power Efficiency
Very Thin and Light-Weight, 1/4" or less
Better Brightness than LCD
Wide Viewing Angle (~ 160 degree viewing angle)
Excellent Contrast (> 1,000,000:1)
Once developed the Manufacturing Process should be Inexpensive (process similar to ink-jet printing)
Very Large Displays are Possible (> 100 inch)
Response is better (good for moving images like Sports)

If the OLED does not live up to its promise, it will not be the first HDTV display to do so. Remember the surface-conduction electron-emitter display (SED TV)? Toshiba and Canon were ready to go into production, but patent disputes with a company called Nano-Proprietary killed the technology. That probably won't happen this time. The main obstacle will be the manufacturing process. If units can be manufactured cost-competitively with LCD and Plasma, it will get very interesting. However, it will be a few years before we get to that point.

About the Author

About the Author: Brian Bradshaw is a Certified Technical Specialist (InfoComm CTS). Areas of expertise include Video, Audio, Computation, HDTV, Satellite Systems, and Communications. He has a communications technology business in Plano, Texas (Dallas). More information can be found at his Website.

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Plasma vs LCD TV - Which Is Better?

by Howard Smith

HDTVs are the new standard when it comes time to buying a new TV. However, when it comes time to buy you will need to decide between buying a LCD HDTV or a Plasma HDTV. This article will help you understand the difference between the two and which is better suited for your home.

Let's get technical. Plasma screen TVs use a matrix of tiny gas plasma cells which are charged by electrical voltage in order to make the picture. LCD screens are made up of liquid crystals sandwiched together between two glass plates. Now let's put that it terms that the average consumer can understand.

Both LCD and Plasma TVs produce an excellent picture. However, plasma screens are usually suggested for the average viewer because they can produce blacks more accurately due to the nature of how they work. Plasma HDTVs also typically have better viewing angles so you can sit at angles and still view a clear image on the screen. Lastly, plasma TVs are, in most cases, less expensive than LCD TVs.

LCD televisions do have their advantages over Plasma screens also. LCD screens usually have more pixels on the screen which give them a higher native resolution. They also have a longer lifespan as compared to plasma screens and are guaranteed for 60,000 hours. Finally, LCD screens are rarely victims of screen burn which results from leaving an image on too long on the TV. Plasma TVs are more commonly susceptible to this problem.

So which is right for you? If you plan on buyer a small television that is 42' or less, then we would suggest you go with a LCD. However, if you plan to go bigger than that then you best buy will be Plasma HDTV as it will give you a better price and picture quality. Secondly, if you are going to be putting the TV in a dark room with little glare then you should go with a Plasma screen TV, but if the room is bright and subject to glares then a LCD screen TV will perform better.

Hopefully you now have a better understanding of the Plasma TV vs LCD TV debate and you are armed with the knowledge you need to make a wise and educated purchase.

We have more LCD vs Plasma HDTV reviews for you to view including all the top Plasma TV brands. Take a look at our Panasonic TH-42PZ700U review or learn more about about Pioneer plasma tvs like the Pioneer Kuro PDP-5010FD Plasma HDTV Review.

About the Author

http://www.plasmahdtvreviewer.com

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No Laser Blasters. Yet.

by Shane Ennerson

Despite what you may read in this morning's Telegraph, "Star Wars-style technology" is not, in fact, "about to take to the battlefield for the first time." Nor is "laser beam technology... being rushed into service to combat the threat of insurgent missiles and mortars raining down on British and American military bases in Iraq and Afghanistan."

That said, there are things afoot in the ray gun world -- important developments which could lead to a "laser weapon that can actually work and perform a military mission," as Bill Sweetman at Ares puts it.

In June 2006, in tests at Sandia National Laboratories, ray gun researchers at Raytheon did something extraordinary. It had been accepted wisdom in the laser community that 100 kilowatts was the minimum power required for battlefield-strength blasters -- a level that hasn't been hit (yet). But in these tests, the Raytheon crew managed to zap a couple of mortar rounds, using a bundle of fiber lasers that only had 20 kilowatts of power. Not only that, it's beam quality was terrible: Spread out all over the place, instead of in a nice, tight spot. So how did they pull it off? It turns out that the laser's weakness -- its lousy beam quality -- was also its strength. By spreading out the laser's spot, the weapon has able to heat the mortar up -- and cause it to explode. Think of it like an explosive potato, left too long in a laser oven.

Green laser module

About the Author

Freelance writer working for Dragonlasers at http://www.dragonlasers.com

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Computer Virus Protection : Keeping Your Information Safe

By Tom Simmons

The Internet is tremendous. Its ability to network and allow people from all over the world to communicate through their computers has allowed it to accrue unimaginable amounts of information you can reach just by typing in the right words. But this easy access to information is not always good.

Nowadays, when computers find information on the internet, they are also susceptible to finding unwanted viruses that could corrupt their equipment, leaving you with either lost files or - worse - a lost computer. That's why it's important to keep your computer protected.

The Best Offense...

If you can, don't try and fight a virus after it has already infected your computer. Most times, if an infection has already occurred, you have already lost the battle. By purchasing an anti-virus program you can help successfully prevent a virus from ever corrupting your computer. These programs will generally have periodic scans of your hard drive to seek out any potentially corrupted or infected files. If the program does find any threats, it will notify you and either "quarantine" or delete the file, preventing it from corrupting anything else. And make sure to keep your program updated. As time progresses, new and more complex viruses are being created, which means your computer has to enhance its security, as well.

And though your program will initiate its own weekly scans, you should also feel free to scan manually if you suspect something's wrong with your computer - that is, if it's showing "symptoms" of being corrupted. If for whatever reason your computer is not working as well as it normally does, consider that a symptom, and initiate a scan to make sure that nothing is wrong.

A file attached in an email is an easy way for a corrupt file to breach your computer's system. With that in mind, make sure to scan any attachment before downloading it, and avoid them in general as much as you can.

Back-Up Everything

Although the use of anti-virus software will aid greatly in preventing your computer from being infected with a virus, there is always the slight probability a virus can slip through and still hit you where it hurts. That's why you should also save your different files in different locations. This is known as "backing-up" files. This keeps your files safe elsewhere if they are lost on your hard drive. Don't only save files on your hard drive. Copy them to an external hard drive, as well. Another good source for backing-up files is the internet. Many email services can hold hefty amounts of memory. Use the extra storage space to your advantage by filling it with anything you wouldn't want lost if your computer died.

It is important to safeguard your computer any way you can in order to prevent the loss of any valuable equipment or information. Not only should you have the proper software to help you fight off viruses on a daily basis, but also make sure to keep an eye out for any potentially threatening links or downloads while surfing the web. Though the internet is an incredible resource for nearly everything, you must use it responsibly and carefully.

About the Author

North Star Network Security Services NY http://www.northstarli.com North Star Networks Inc. is an Information Technology Consulting company that specializes in providing technology solutions to meet the needs of any sized business. Network support not only includes highly efficient network design, support and integration, but the core of our vision is Proactive Network Support.

Submitted by Tom Simmons at http://NewSunSEO.com

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Preparing for the Unknown: Will you be ready when "It" happens?

by Guy Miasnik

Recent events have made the necessity for a reliable emergency notification system abundantly clear. The earthquake in China and the cyclone in Myanmar are just two of several recent natural disasters that struck with little or no warning.

The U.S. is not immune to such events. Hurricane Katrina revealed deficiencies in America's emergency notification and response systems. The resulting devastation from Hurricane Katrina, the cyclone and the earthquake in China are evidence of how important emergency notification can be in every society.

Natural disasters are not the only threat to safety and security. Emergency notification systems can also be critical in cases of war or military threat. Effective emergency alerting can greatly reduce the number of casualties and injuries during a crisis by addressing the confusion and misinformation that often accompanies such events.

Fortunately the last five years have seen vast improvements in emergency alert systems. This has been aided in part by the demands of the Department of Defense (DoD) for new network-centric technologies. The DoD has pioneered the adoption of commercial technologies for network-centric emergency alerting and has created mandatory regulations and instructions to comply with.

The DoD guidelines include having a network-centric emergency notification system that can reach all people through numerous devices in times of emergency, such as computers, mobile phones, land lines, PDA's (BlackBerry devices), Giant Voice systems and more. Also required is the ability to trigger alerts in times of emergency in seconds, reaching tens of thousands across an entire command population or individual wings or bases within minutes.

Best practices include having an emergency plan in place before a crisis occurs. This involves obtaining reliable contact information for all personnel and establishing emergency procedure, including the notification procedures for force protection, personnel recall and accountability.

The DoD's guidelines can be used in large-scale emergencies, such as the aforementioned natural disasters which often impacts entire nations. However emergency notification is also extremely important for organizations to implement in order to protect their personnel in times of crisis.

Emergency alert system provider AtHoc supplies the DoD with much of its network-centric emergency notification technology. AtHoc provides emergency alerting technology to defense and military organizations, government agencies, and commercial and educational organizations. For more information visit http://www.athoc.com/products/IWSAlerts_overview.aspx.

About the Author

Guy Miasnik works for Athoc providing enterprise-class, network-centric emergency notification systems to organizations across a variety of industry sectors for physical security, force protection and personnel accountability. www.athoc.com.

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Are We Getting Dumber As Technology Gets Smarter?

by Isla Campbell

Recently, a leading UK business website revealed that they now have to spend over 25% of their online search marketing budget to cater for misspelt words, hinting towards a worrying trend in today's society and suggesting we may have become too reliant upon technology, while our language skills suffer as a result.

With over 50% of English school leavers failing to grasp even the most basic levels of spelling and grammar there is an argument for closer monitoring on the country's education system and how technology is impacting upon the country's young minds.

Perhaps the finest example of how the English language is being "dumbed down" can be seen through the ever popular SMS messaging service where there is a tendency to use abbreviated or phonetically spelt words to increase the speed of communication. This development is also evident in instant messaging conversations, with users of MSN or Yahoo! Messenger shortening their words using "expressions" and emoticons to communicate their message. With over 70% of Europe's online population using instant messaging (IM), this issue is not going to go away; speed, it seems, is more important in today's society, than the quality of the message itself.

As our children use the internet more - as opposed to libraries for their source of knowledge, they are recycling information found through search engines and new authority sites such as Wikipedia, the free online encyclopaedia which is free for anyone to add content to.

If our young are using these portals as the oracles of truth, then any poor grammar or misspelled words found in such sources, such as the word mannequin, will not help the education of the children in the UK and can even have worldwide ramifications.

Also quite concerning is the growth in misspelt or abbreviated words being used in the naming of children. Recent research from Australia revealed an increase in the multiple spellings of names such as Aiden, which were found to be spelt in nine ways, and Amelia and Tahlia in eight ways. Errors such as this can not be easily corrected and parents of this future generation are damming their children to a life with a misspelt name because they wanted an individual looking name, or just couldn't be bothered to get it right.

Generations before us would have had language issues with their predecessors, however the staggering advancement in technology is having such a dramatic and potentially wide scale damaging effect on this generations’ ability to communicate. We are creating a situation where the youth of today can communicate amongst themselves, but not with their grandparents.

We could well be facing a communication divide that we may find hard to bring together in the future.

About the Author

Isla Campbell writes on a number of topics on behalf of a digital marketing agency and a variety of clients. As such, this article is to be considered a professional piece with business interests in mind.

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