High Capacity 3D Memory Chips Technology

Computer memory technology hasn't changed much in the last few years. This situation might not last long, though, because a graduate student at Rice University, Jun Yao (top), may just be on the right track on discovering the workings and intricacies of what could be the new computer memory of the 21st century. Yao had been using graphite in his project and what he discovered caused quite a stir. He found out that by the simple application of voltage, nanocrystalline pathways could be created in silicon oxide, an insulator in the graphite. Low voltage pulses (3.5 and 8 volts) could open and close the pathways, conveniently allowing for a switching effect. The phenomenon essentially made a two-terminal resistive memory bit (5 nanometers wide) possible.

Yao's discovery may soon become the basis for high-capacity 3D memory chips. But Yao isn't alone in the endeavor or competition to release the first of such a chip. Yao's argument is that the silicon dioxide in graphite that what will make 3D memory chips possible. Initially, there was critical resistance to his ideas, but he sold the concept nevertheless. It all began when he was assisting chemist James Tour in ones of the Rice labs with a graphitic memory project when he thought of removing the graphite and was surprised to discover that the circuit still worked.

Yao recounted how he became surprised and excited about the discovery. He emailed his superior and the following day, "the prolonged debates over the mechanism between me and the graphitic guys began," he said. With most of his colleagues unconvinced, Yao spent months experimenting. He combined silicon oxide with every material he could find, trying to determine if there was some other factor that he missed, but "they all worked," he said, "because the silicon oxide was carrying the load." What was happening in the silicon oxide was that a strong electrical pulse between semiconducting silicon strips off oxygen atoms, producing the nanoscale bit between the terminals that following pulses could switch on and off. Yao is currently working on making his silicon oxide memory more visually understandable.

Yao already has the reputation of drawing the logo of Rice University (above, left) by hand into electron-beam controller software to create a microscopic masterpiece from forests of carbon nanotubes!

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System Optimizers Boost PC Performance

Everyone who has ever wished to be able to work effectively online almost always wishes for better computer performance. This is especially true for those who earn a living online. A computer that hangs or slows down while a transaction is taking place is definitely a no no. Currency and stock traders online know how important computer performance is and they don’t take chances when trading. Everything has to work smoothly and fast. But even if you’re not into electronic trading, it is essential to keep your computer system optimized in the sense that it does not cause you problems with error messages, by hanging up on you, slowing down, or shutting off when you least expect it.

The operating system (OS) that you use on your computer does what it can to keep errors and other problems minimized; it simply cannot help your computer when the cause of the problem involves what’s in the OS itself. As you use your computer, for instance, it accumulates files that are next to useless and just take up space and slow the computer’s processing as they line up for “attention” as you execute tasks like booting or shutting down. It takes maintenance to get rid of these files and loosen up the nooks and crannies of your computer hard disk and memory.

Optimizing Eliminates PC Problems
You cannot just sweep away problems in your computer with a brush. This is why you need optimizing technology to help you. Generally, these are software that clean up your computer and are called system cleaners or optimizers. Basically, they have utilities that allow a computer owner to perform certain tasks on their computer such as clean the Registry of unnecessary entries and defragment it, remove junk files left from old installations and Internet browsing, delete duplicate files, and generally improve privacy security. All of these combined serve to speed up your computer, reduce risks for crashes, and reduce incidences of errors, without the need for new hardware purchases, formatting, or reinstallation of the OS. All that is needed is to get a basic free copy online or purchase a complete system maintenance solution.

Many companies offer such system maintenance systems, and while you can always get one for free, it is always the purchased ones that will provide the best deal for general housekeeping of your computer system because they can provide adequate support and upgrades. There’s System Optimizer from Digeus, for instance, which essentially cleans, optimizes, and improve the speed of your system. Using it just once on your computer that’s not been maintained for a long time will result in improved speed and access to programs and the Internet. Generally, such system optimizers are designed for ease of use with simple interface buttons that execute commands like those that get rid of trash files. There is no need to learn anything technical when using system optimizers.

Digeus System Optimizer Promo (until Sept. 1, 2010 only)
Users interested in testing how a system optimizer like the one offered by Digeus can download a trial version from their website. The Digeus System Optimizer is compatible with the following Microsoft Windows versions: 95/98/ME/NT/XP/2000/2003/Vista x32, and Vista x64. If you are a social networker or blogger, you can get a free complete copy of System Optimizer by posting a review of the software online in any blog, forum, tweeter, social network (Facebook), etc. This is a special invitation from Digeus Promotions Management. Once you have the review up, you must send the URL to Alise Johnson, PR Manager of Digeus (alise.johnson@digeus.com). This offer from Digeus expires the 1^st of September 2010. So, hurry!

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Commercial Synthesis of ERGO Anti Aging Antioxidant Pioneered by OXIS

In this age of carcinogens and accelerated aging due to pollution, antioxidants have become very popular. These substances, mostly from plants, have proven to be effective in counteracting free radical damage. Free radicals are reactive atoms that bind to cells, resulting in damage at the molecular level. The body naturally deals with free radicals, but when these destructive atoms are too much, oxidative stress happens. This is what causes premature aging in people. An antioxidant can serve as an anti aging agent in the body by protecting key molecules of the body’s cells.

A lot of antioxidant products are available now. Two of the most popular are resveratrol and glutathione. In tests, these have proven to be potent in curbing the aging process. But few people know about a powerful antioxidant called L-Ergothioneine or ERGO, for short. This is likely the next antioxidant to take on the wellness industry by storm. It’s taken a while to be commercially available because of its scarcity; it requires meticulous extraction and processing from sources that are natural, but limited.

ERGO is found in small amounts in microorganisms like ergot (left; here attached to grain), and in meat, milk, mushrooms, and grapes. The food that people normally eat do not provide enough ERGO to effectively promote anti aging and there is normally too little in the body. Commercial production of ERGO proved to be impractical in the past. Technology has since advanced and one company, OXIS International, Inc., has taken its penny stocks and took stakes into being a pioneer in synthesizing ERGO.

OXIS now has a patented manufacturing process for ERGO, which solves the usual problems of extraction and synthesis into viable products. This new technology now allows L-Ergothioneine to be easily available to the consumer. The benefits of ERGO can now be had through OXIS in its quality nutraceutical products designed to encourage anti aging.

OXIS already has patents and pending applications for its antioxidant products which are therapeutic, cosmetic, proprietary, and clinical in nature. The company started off with two primary products based on ERGO called Ergo-Pur™ and Ergo-Plex™. The first is pure L-Ergothioneine and the other combines this with other antioxidants. It’s been proven that ERGO works with and maintains the level of other antioxidants—giving a boosting effect in the body. ERGO provides antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties for overall health. OXIS is partnering with industry leaders to produce the best nutraceutical products to give people all over the world the chance for better health with ERGO.

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How Municipalities Create Revenue from Waste to Energy Technology

Here’s a technology form N-Viro International Corp. that few people know about but is already changing the way municipalities are dealing with the problem of organic waste disposal. The reason is that it creates renewable energy from bio-solid waste products from municipalities; solving a perennial problem and generating income at the same time. It makes use of a waste to energy process that produces sustainable opportunity fuels and pasteurized fertilizer—products that are of great market value in this age. When municipalities used to reek with unwanted sludge in their drains and sewers, now there’s money and opportunities for the communities. By using this waste to energy technology, it would be like municipalities have struck gold or oil.

There are different sources of alternative energy and fertilizer, but perhaps the most practical sources are waste products. That’s what companies like N-Viro does. It’s a company that’s been moving for two decades already to make beneficial products from wastes a standard in soil-enrichment and power generation in the United States and elsewhere.  Its patented processes are able to turn organic and other wastes into useful products for agriculture and power generation—two industries that are affected by climate change and fossil fuel shortage.

N-Viro has developed and tested its products in places where the technology is already licensed to municipalities. To make N-Viro Soil, its soil enrichment product, the company combines bio-solid organic wastes with alkaline byproducts from the cement and electricity-generation industries. The materials go through a defined disinfection and pasteurization process to ensure it is safe for agricultural use. On the other hand, its N-Viro Fuel is a compound of coal from Eastern Ohio and either bio-solids or manure. The resulting waste to energy product, now called “clean coal,” promises to give new life to former coal-burning power plants. Tests at the Michigan State University plant resulted in passing environmental scores.

The green renewable energy technologies used by N-Viro have been around for a while and when N-Viro was just starting a couple of decades ago, it was already ahead of its time, according to CEO Timothy Kasmoch (top; left). Now that there are global warming- and fossil fuel- problems, N-Viro takes the lead in educating and offering municipalities in the US and other parts of the world to use its technology to help solve bio-solid waste disposal problems and generate much-needed revenue at the same time.

The people behind N-Viro are excited because there are bigger opportunity now for municipalities because of the greater volume of wastes produced by various industries. Let’s not forget the sewage from households that only rots in the drains of cities, polluting soil and waterways. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) upholds strict laws like the Clean Water Act which regulates new pollutants in sewage sludge. Regulations require that such wastes be dumped in landfills, composted, or incinerated. But with the use of N-Viro green technology, there will be less need for a regulatory approach in the management of wastes. Any program concerning it will also become an incentive for waste-collection. The more recyclable waste material accumulated, the more money will be generated for municipalities. The only thing they have to do to make this happen is to be a licensee of N-Viro. http://www.nviro.com




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Braille Internet Pages for the Blind

Those who are visually-impaired may now be able to surf the Internet just like normal seeing people with a new technology based on the one-liner Braille system used to translate text from the computer into raised Braille dots. Lead inventor Dr. Peichun Yang is perfecting the system at the Carolina State University. He says the while the current one line refreshable Braille device (left) is already useful, improving it and enabling it to display a whole page brings in another world from the Internet to blind people.

Yang, who is blind himself, said the new Braille technology will allow whole pages of from the Internet to be displayed using raised dots to form text and even images. The system is fast and can refresh in just milliseconds. It's able to be so fast because it uses a hydraulic and latching mechanism combined. This is what raises the thousands of dots which serve as the "pixels" of the display. In a way, they create a form of bas relief to represent visual images that can be touched by the visually-impaired.

Each dot (represented above in the graphics) is like a small bag than can shift its shape. Each bag is filled with a liquid. With the application of an electric current, each bag is compressed and the liquid inside is pushed up, creating a bump that "registers" as a pixel or dot. The technology has been used before but it had limitations. The problem that Yang solved involved creating a "latch" for the raised container which kept it in place as the blind reader moves his or her fingers over them and until the pressure needs to be released. The tiny mechanism has a pin that is connected to a support block. The pin keeps the dot raised until the page is refreshed.

Yang hopes to the the technology out for the blind to use soon but it may be best to have materials that will last long enough for the device to be used for a long time until breaking down from too much touching. This is a common problem with polymer-based materials. Yang and colleagues presented the new technology at the International Conference on Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices in San Diego, California.

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How Nuclear Power Can Provide Electrical Energy for Micro Devices

When you hear of the word "nuclear," you immediately think about huge explosions, mushroom clouds, and deadly radiation. That's true and that's the bad side of nuclear, or atomic, energy. But if you look at the bright side, it is a major source of much of the developed world's electricity. That's coming from nuclear power plants. But did you know that nuclear energy is also now powering devices that are microscopic in size? With this technology, it's now possible to make utility devices that run for 25 years or so without the need for the batteries to be changed.

The nuclear energy is courtesy of betavoltaics technology. Basically, betavoltaics are batteries that harvest energy from radioactive substances, like tritium or Promethium-147. They sound nasty, but in betavoltaics, the radiation levels are so low they only provide nanowatts of lectricity. If you can't imagive that, try a billionth of a watt. A watt, of course is a unit of power. Ever seen a seven watt bulb glow? If you can imagine that, then you can imagine the glow that one watt can give. Divide that by a billion and you now have an idea how much energy a betavoltaics battery can give.

So, if betavoltaics can only deliver such low energy, what is it good for? Widetronix is a company that is pioneering betavoltaics technology. It is reaserching on stacking betavoltaic to compound the electricity output and provide enough power to enable Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) devices like implants that can monitor a person's health or track a military aircraft. Theoretically, these stacked betavoltaic chips can give up to one microwatt of power - that's a millionth of a watt. It's still low, but it's actually already a big improvement from a billionth of a watt.

For now, experiments with betavoltaics are ongoing on tamper-proof electronics of military gadgets developed by Lockheed Martin. If you can't tinker with them, with a screwdriver, they can't be sabotaged, unless the whole thing is yanked out - but then that would disable the device. Commercial applications are set for release in 2011. These will likely be components to larger devices for communications. Consumers won't even know they're there.

Click on the images to visit the Widetronix site.

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